When Is PRP a Great Option — And When Is It Not?

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) injections may be the single biggest game-changing treatment I’ve seen in nearly 25 years as a Sports Medicine and Orthopedic physician. The role of PRP is constantly expanding, and the results we see today are more exciting than ever.

But like any treatment in medicine, PRP isn’t the right answer for every situation. There are times when it can be life-changing, and other times when a different approach is more effective.

Here are some common examples we see in practice:

When PRP Is a Great Option

✅ Advanced Tennis or Golfer’s Elbow

When ultrasound shows moderate to severe tendon damage and patients are experiencing significant pain and loss of function, PRP can be an excellent choice. In these cases, PRP helps heal tears that we can clearly see on imaging.

✅ Mild to Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis

This is one of PRP’s true strengths. PRP not only reduces pain and inflammation, but also helps improve function and may even slow or stop further deterioration of the joint.

✅ Partial Rotator Cuff Tears

For patients with mild pain, good strength, and preserved motion, PRP can support healing and help avoid surgery.

✅ Insertional Gluteal Tendinopathy (Often Miscalled “Hip Bursitis”)

This common condition—especially in middle-aged to older women—causes pain on the outside of the hip, difficulty sleeping on that side, and pain with stairs or longer walks. PRP is often a great option here.

✅ Chronic Plantar Fasciitis (Lasting 3+ Months)

When rest, therapy, footwear adjustments, and medications haven’t helped, PRP can provide real relief—often avoiding the need for more invasive surgery.

When PRP May Not Be the Best Choice

❌ Early/Mild Tennis or Golfer’s Elbow

If ultrasound only shows minimal tendon changes and pain is mild, conservative options like therapy, rest, bracing, and medications usually work well without the need for PRP.

❌ Severe Knee Osteoarthritis With Significant Misalignment

If the knee is badly worn down with severe pain, bowing, or disability, knee replacement is usually the best option. PRP won’t reverse severe structural damage.

❌ Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears in Younger or Middle-Aged Patients

If there’s significant loss of strength and motion, surgical repair is the better route—PRP won’t replace the benefits of fixing the tendon directly.

❌ Advanced Hip Osteoarthritis

When the hip joint is severely damaged, total hip replacement remains the gold standard.

Our Approach at Impact Sports Medicine

At Impact Sports Medicine, our goal is simple: to help you get the best possible outcome—even if that means recommending a treatment we don’t provide ourselves. We want every patient to be cared for as if you were part of our own family.

PRP is a powerful tool, but like all tools, it works best when used at the right time, in the right situation. If you’re struggling with joint, tendon, or ligament pain, we’d be glad to help you figure out whether PRP—or another treatment—will get you back to doing what you love.

PRP Is Evolving: Here's How

One of the most exciting things about platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy is that it’s always improving. This isn’t a static treatment. It continues to evolve through better science, smarter techniques, and new technology.

I’ve been using PRP since 2011, and today’s approach looks very different from when I started. At a recent regenerative medicine conference, I had the chance to learn from national experts, exchange ideas with peers, and explore the latest advances in PRP and stem cell therapy.

What’s Changing with PRP?

We’re upgrading our PRP system to deliver a higher concentration of platelets to the areas where you hurt. That means more growth factors—natural healing signals that reduce inflammation, encourage repair, and help preserve tissue.

More Platelets = More Power to Heal

In addition to increased platelets, we’re now able to add important components like:

• Alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M): A protein that helps protect cartilage and reduce inflammation.

• Extracellular vesicles (EVs): Tiny messengers that carry proteins and RNA to promote healing and calm inflammation.

These additions enhance the effectiveness of PRP—especially for joint pain, soft tissue injuries, and degenerative conditions.

Better PRP. Better Results.

If PRP has helped you before—or if you’ve been considering it—this is a great time to revisit it. With these upgrades, we’re seeing even greater potential to relieve pain, improve function, and support long-term healing.

And we’re not stopping here. Stay tuned as we begin to introduce autologous (your own adipose/fat tissue) stem cell therapies into our practice soon.

F. Clarke Holmes, M.D.

PRP is a Game-Changer for Shoulders, Elbows, Hips and Feet

Our number one application for platelet rich plasma (PRP) injections is knee osteoarthritis.

Yet, shoulder osteoarthritis, rotator cuff and labral problems also respond very favorably to PRP.

Tennis elbow and golfers’ elbow are great applications of PRP.

Hip osteoarthritis, insertional gluteal tendonopathy and bursitis of the hip are commonly treated with great success with PRP.

Finally, in the foot and ankle, osteoarthritis, particularly of the big toe joint, Achilles tendonopathy and plantar fasciitis are common conditions we treat with PRP.

For a tendon problem, why would you choose PRP over a steroid/cortisone injection?
With a PRP injection, we use your own platelets to stimulate healing and tissue regeneration by releasing growth factors. It aims to repair the tendon, not just reduce symptoms. Steroid injections can lead to tendon degeneration or even rupture with repeated use, while PRP is safer for tendon tissue, especially with chronic degenerative tendon conditions.

What about in the case of osteoarthritis? Here’s a table that highlights the differences.

Factor PRP Steroid

Onset of relief Slower (weeks) Fast (days)

Duration of Relief Months to years Weeks

Cartilage effects Potentially protective Potentially harmful

Side effects Minimal Possible systemic and local issues

Disease-modifying? Likely No

Are you interested in improving your quality of life? Reducing your pain? Improving your function? Are you seeking the healing of damaged tissues? Stopping or slowing the deterioration of your joints? If so, then PRP is likely a very good option for you.

As always, let us know if we can be of assistance!

F. Clarke Holmes, M.D.

PRP: Natural/Holistic, Preventative & Effective

The trend we are seeing is in so many patients is their desire to treat their medical conditions with something more natural, less invasive, safe, effective and preventative. Well, platelet-rich plasma injections really check all of these boxes.

PRP injections have been a part of our treatment regimen for many conditions now for 15 years! Thus, PRP is not some trendy, gimmicky, unproven type of therapy.

If you have knee osteoarthritis and it’s not to the point of requiring a knee replacement, then PRP is probably your most effective option to relieve pain, improve function and stop or slow the deterioration of cartilage in your joint. Unfortunately, steroid (cortisone) and hyaluronic acid (the “gel” injections) do not have this preventative benefit of protecting your cartilage.

Of course, we believe in total body care, so physical therapy, bracing, weight loss, a customized exercise regimen, an anti-inflammatory pattern of eating and certain supplements can all play a very valuable role in treating your pain and osteoarthritis.

If you have a chronic tendon problem such as of the rotator cuff, the Achilles tendon, tennis or golfer’s elbow or plantar fasciitis, then PRP can actually heal these conditions. Steroid injections, on the other hand, often provide more rapid pain relief for these conditions, yet are almost always inferior to PRP injections in studies looking at these patients 6-12 months after these injections. Meaning, if your long-term goal is healing and persistent pain relief, then PRP is the better option.

Want to know more? Check out some of our blogs:

Insurance Companies Say PRP Is Experimental…We Sigh — Impact Sports Medicine & Orthopedics (impactsportsnashville.com)

Five Keys to Successful Outcomes with PRP Injections — Impact Sports Medicine & Orthopedics (impactsportsnashville.com)

PRP And The Three "Es" — Impact Sports Medicine & Orthopedics (impactsportsnashville.com)

If you want to take the next step to help yourself in 2025, then let us be of assistance to you!

F. Clarke Holmes, M.D.

PRP: The Simple and Not So Simple

Many of you are either very familiar or somewhat familiar with platelet-rich plasma injections commonly known as PRP. These are great options for osteoarthritis of a joint, a chronic tendon problem as well as some ligament and fascia problems. Our top conditions treated with PRP include knee osteoarthritis, tennis & golfers’ elbow, plantar fasciitis, rotator cuff tears and Achilles tendon conditions.

When it comes to PRP, here are the simple and not so simple :

Simple

-This is an office procedure, that from start to finish, only takes 45 minutes or less

-A simple blood draw from an arm vein is typically painless

-For a joint injection, pain afterwards is typically very mild

-Risks are exceedingly low as abnormal bleeding, infection, a blood clot or nerve damage are basically nonexistent.

Not So Simple

-We have been performing PRP injections for nearly 15 years. Literally hundreds of hours have been poured into training and fine-tuning the knowledge and skill set it takes to be highly competent to perform this procedure

-Some of our patients have very small veins. Fortunately, we have developed a skill set of ultrasound-guided venipuncture, making blood draws much more successful and less painful on those more challenging patients

-Ultrasound guidance, in our opinion, is a must when giving PRP injections. If you want these growth factor rich platelets to make it to the intended location with great accuracy, then ultrasound guidance is necessary. This is a skill set we have developed over the past 16 years

-With some soft tissue PRP injections, such as partial tears of tendons, we have to prepare our patients that there will be a spike in pain after the procedure, often for one to two weeks. Fortunately, the pain is typically not as significant as it would be if you had a surgery

-Finally, patients have to be patient! PRP exerts its positive effects very gradually. Most patients are seeing a benefit within one to two months, and the maximum benefit often is seen between 6 and 12 months. Thus, we have to advise our patients that with many orthopedic conditions, there is no “quick fix”

Ultimately, PRP can be simple and not so simple, depending on your perspective. Generally speaking, we leave the simple part up to the patient, and we will handle the not so simple aspects of the procedure.

As always, let us know if we can be of assistance to you!

F. Clarke Holmes, M.D.

Why Me? Why So Many Tendon Problems?

If you are 40 years old or above, it’s probably not “if” but “when” you are going to have a tendon problem. Tendons connect our muscles to bones, but as we age, they become problematic. Common tendon problems include/involve the rotator cuff, tennis and golfer’s elbow, Achilles tendon, posterior tibialis tendon and then the plantar fascia, which behaves like a tendon but technically is a ligament.

Thus, these conditions are usually a disease of the middle-aged and older. What are the causative factors for what we call tendonopathy?

-acute injury to the tendon

-overuse activities

-genetics

-inflammation

-diet

-biomechanics

-weight

So, to treat tendonopathy, we have to address these factors with genetics being an exception, as this can’t be changed.

Thus. we have to modify activities, either temporarily or permanently, especially avoiding overuse situations.

We want to reduce inflammation, and this can be achieved multiple ways: medications, steroid injections, supplements and an improved diet can all play a role. Medications and steroids can be very helpful in the short term but are not always a long-term solution. Platelet-rich plasma injections can be a great option to promote long-term management of inflammation and the actual healing of a tendon.

Biomechanics are often improved through changes in movement patterns, improved flexibility and strengthening. At times, footwear changes and orthotics can play a role as well.

As we often preach, early treatment of a tendon problem usually produces better outcomes than late treatment, but either way, we’ve got you covered. Don’t be discouraged if you have one or more tendon problems, knock on our door and we’ll be more than happy to share our expertise!

F. Clarke Holmes, M.D.

PRP And The Three "Es"

This sounds like the name of a band, right? Well, we’re referring to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections and three important words that start with an “E” when discussing these procedures.

First, a quick reminder that we use your own blood obtained from an arm vein, a special kit, a centrifuge and a precise separation process to create the PRP. PRP is then a great treatment choice for osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, shoulder and other joints. It’s also an effective treatment for tennis and golfer’s elbow, plantar fasciitis, Achilles and rotator cuff tendon problems, just to name a few. When considering who will perform your PRP injection, you absolutely need to consider the three Es:

Experience: At Impact, Dr. Holmes has been performing PRP injections since 2009. Very few physicians in the Nashville area can claim that level of experience. In addition, we are giving more PRP injections than ever as more and more patients are realizing the benefits of this procedure. Thus, in 2009, we may have given 1-2 PRP injections a month, and now, we give 12-15 a month on average.

Expertise: With experience comes expertise, yet expertise also comes with putting in the work. This means attending conferences, reading and interpreting studies, participating in webinars and interacting with peers who are also experts in the field. Hardly a week goes by that we don’t spend some time fine tuning our expertise in this field. Next, we’ve been pioneers in the sports medicine industry through our ultrasound-guided injections. 14 years of experience with ultrasound and over 10,000 injections later, we consider this to be an area of expertise.

Equipment: PRP is not just PRP, meaning some kits, equipment and the preparation process are better than others. Novices in the field tend to choose lower cost and lower quality PRP systems which often produce fewer numbers and a lower concentration of platelets. At Impact, we are on our 5th PRP system over the past decade. These systems continue to improve, and you deserve a high-quality option. Finally, ultrasound-guidance is paramount when having a PRP injection. Don’t you want this high-powered solution to be injected into the precise location? Without ultrasound guidance, you are proceeding “blindly” and can only hope the injection makes it to the intended location.

Considering a PRP injection for your orthopedic condition? Remember the 3 Es and let us know if we can be of any assistance to you!

F. Clarke Holmes, M.D.

Frozen Shoulder: More Than Just a Winter Occurrence

We’ve talked a lot about PIO (Proactive Interventional Orthopedics) recently and this concept really applies when it comes to a frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis. This is a condition most commonly seen in middle-aged women around the time of menopause with the average age of a frozen shoulder being 51.

It starts as shoulder pain, often unrelated to a particular injury or overuse situation, and is followed by a very stiff shoulder with loss of motion. Although a frozen shoulder can be a self-limiting condition, with our interventions, we can greatly expedite the recovery process while alleviating pain.

Other risk factors for adhesive capsulitis include thyroid disease, diabetes and recent shoulder surgery. In the early “pain” stage, it’s often difficult to determine whether a patient has a frozen shoulder, osteoarthritis, or rotator cuff and/or biceps tendon problem. An MRI can be helpful, especially to see tendon or joint pathology, but in the presence of isolated adhesive capsulitis, the MRI can be normal or near normal. The next stage is the “stiff” or “frozen” stage, highlighted by the loss of motion both actively (what the patient can do) and passively (how someone else can move the shoulder). The final stage is the “thawing” or “recovery” stage. Each stage typically last 2-6 months, and early treatment often shortens these stages.

Being proactive and interventional often means an ultrasound-guided steroid injection into the joint. Without ultrasound guidance, it is often very difficult to achieve accuracy. This tends to be a very inflammatory condition, and thus, the potent anti-inflammatory effects of the steroid can provide rapid relief of pain. Early treatment within the first few weeks or months of the onset of the shoulder pain is the optimal path to a faster and more complete recovery. After that steroid injection, a rehab program, often made much more effective by the steroid injection, is the mainstay of treatment. 20% of patients with a frozen shoulder develop the same condition on the opposite shoulder within 5 years, so if pain in the other shoulder develops, it’s wise to seek treatment early.

Check out this brief article:

Steroid injection may be the best medicine for frozen shoulder - Harvard Health

If you think you may have a frozen shoulder, let us use PIO to help you!

F. Clarke Holmes, M.D.

Five Simple Reasons You Should Consider Platelet-Rich Plasma

Let’s make this one quick and easy. Some blogs, we may hit with you great details, information rich in scientific data and opinions full of medical jargon. Today, let’s share some simple information regarding why platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections should be on your radar if you have OSTEOARTHRITIS, TENNIS OR GOLFER’S ELBOW, ACHILLES TENDONOSIS, PLANTAR FASCIITIS, LATERAL HIP, PATELLAR AND ROTATOR CUFF TENDONOSIS, just to name a few.

1) Most of the time, it works: let’s be real, nothing in medicine works all of the time. If we see a significant benefit in 75% of patients or more, then we are all pretty happy with a treatment. In our patient population, PRP meets this criteria.

2) Most medical studies suggest a clinically significant benefit: do a “pub med” search for PRP as it relates to orthopedic conditions. Although some studies always will be too small or of lower quality, once you start to pool the data, you find that PRP is not really “experimental” any more. There are now hundreds of studies looking at patients receiving PRP for arthritis and chronic tendon problems, and the majority of these studies demonstrate a clinically significant benefit with PRP.

3) It’s both natural and safe: PRP is derived from your own blood. It’s designed to concentrate your platelets that contain your growth factors. These growth factors have many positive effects, ranging from inflammation reduction to slowing down the deterioration process within a tendon or joint. Major side effects are extremely rare, and when compared to steroid injections, prescription medications and surgical intervention, PRP is a safer treatment option with fewer adverse effects.

4) It’s a relatively quick office procedure: 5 minutes to set-up and draw the blood, 5 minutes to transfer the blood to the centrifuge system, 10 minutes to spin the blood, 3 minutes to further separate the blood components and capture the PRP, 2 minutes to prep the patient, and 1 minute to give the injection. In some instances, we may first inject a numbing medication (anesthetic) and then give that 10 minutes to work. So, in total, 36 minutes for this procedure done in the office, all in one sitting.

5) Although typically not covered by insurance, it’s likely a wise investment in your health and may save you money in the long run: the days of insurance always covering the best and most innovative procedures for orthopedic conditions are over. If PRP works for you like we expect it to, then you will potentially save money on doctor’s visits, medications, physical therapy, surgical interventions and other treatments. Not to mention that if you have not yet met your deductible, you will pay out-of-pocket for all of the other treatments “covered by insurance” that may be less effective than PRP.

In an nutshell, PRP is not for everyone and every orthopedic condition. We carefully select those patients who we think can “win the battle” with their orthopedic condition with one or more PRP injections. 20+ years of experience in sports medicine and orthopedics and 10+ years utilizing PRP have given us the knowledge to determine what patients may truly benefit from PRP injections. Come see us if you are curious!

F. Clarke Holmes, M.D.

Impact Sports Medicine and Orthopedics